Jonas was born in Berlin in 1902. She studied at the College for Jewish Studies in Berlin. Her thesis dealt with the question, "Can women hold rabbinical office?" After completing her studies, Jonas worked in pastoral care and as a religious education teacher, at times also in a synagogue not far from the street that now bears her name. She also worked at the Jewish Hospital and in various liberal synagogues in Berlin. In November 1942, she was first deported to the concentration camp in Theresienstadt and from there to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp in October 1944, where she was murdered shortly afterwards.